Which, in which, where 用法
我如何高效地學好英文的3個轉捩點,用5個半月進修英文從不合格到進入亞洲頂尖大學【按此】
這裡會講述3者可以互換的用法
1. Which的兩種用法【限定/非限定】
Mr. Wong has a cat which can sleep all day. 這是「限定用法」【defining clause】, 因為黃先生擁有很多隻貓,所以要「限定」哪一隻–就是那隻終日在睡的那頭呢!
Mr. Wong has a cat, which can sleep all day. 這是「非限定用法」【Non-defining clause】, 因為黃先生只有一隻貓,所以「不需限定」,大家都心知吐明,就是「那頭狗」。[這又稱為同位語用法]
「非限定子句」【non-defining clause】的特徵就是在要形容的名詞後,加【,which…】,來表示這是獨一無二的(人的名稱/地的名稱後也會用非限定子句,【加,which…】)
2. In which的in有時可以理解成從後面的子句中搬上前面來
例:
The university in which he once studied is a famous one.
= The university which he once studied in is a famous one.l
【他曾讀過的大學是一所有名氣的學府。】
The box in which the books are kept was bought.
=The box which the books are kept in was bought.
【當時買了那些用來放置這些書本的箱子。】
3. in which 可翻譯成「在…裡面」,若要形容的名詞是一個地點,可直接以where取代
例:The university in which he once studied is a famous one.
=The university where he once studied is a famous one. 【一旦用where,prep就不見了。】
【他曾讀過的大學(強調他在裡面讀過)是一所有名氣的學府。】
The box in which the books are kept was bought.
=The box where the books are kept was bought. 【一旦用where,prep就不見了。】
【當時買了那些用來放置這些書本的箱子。】
可能你會問為什麼which前面可以有preposition,而where就不能呢? 原因是which, whom 等是關係代名詞(而不是關係副詞) ,所以,有關「副詞的狀態」(preposition) 是不能被交代的。【於是,你會見過in which, in whom 】。而where,when,why等卻是關係副詞,是能交代物件的狀態,所以preposition就會省略掉。
普通話 who/whom/which 前置用法